Essay on Nature vs Nurture in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

Philosophers and scientists alike have debated for centuries whether a person’s character is the result of nature or nurture. In the writings of Thomas Hobbes, it is expressed that humans are endowed with character from birth, and that they are innately evil in nature. John Locke’s response to this theory is that everyone is born with a tabula rasa, or blank slate, and then develops character after a series of formative experiences. The idea that true character is the result of experiences and societal interaction is a theme deeply explored throughout Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Through different interactions with the monster, Shelley attempts to express that it is because of Victor’s failings as a parent and creator, because of the†¦show more content†¦The allusion to Dante implies that, based on appearance alone, the monster is more evil than Hell itself. Victor took no time in getting to understand the monster or develop the familial bond betw een them, which leaves Victor with a narrow, biased opinion on the monster. Shelley uses Victor’s hasty judgment of the monster in order to demonstrate the irrationality of Victor’s actions regarding the creature. This also discounts Victor’s opinions of the monster, forcing Shelley’s audience to judge the monster based on their own inferences, rather than Victor’s. Through Victor’s actions and his faulty reasoning behind them, Shelley is able to shift the responsibility for the monster’s character from it being instilled in him from birth, to Victor’s failings as a parent and creator. Shelley also attempts to express that Victor’s failure as a father and creator stems from his inability to accept responsibility for his actions. The monster, who openly regrets his actions and recognizes that he has done wrong, â€Å"demonstrates that on one count he is more human than the man who fabricated him--for remorse is one emoti on that Frankenstein cannot feel† (Marcus). Victor cannot feel remorse for his actions, because he would be forced to accept responsibility for them. To accept that he is responsible for the creation of such an evil being would require that Victor admit that he has failed in hisShow MoreRelatedNature vs. Nurture in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment, and deeds. As crucial as canvas in art, the philosophy of nature and nurture come together as the fundamental structure to one’s personality and genetic makeup. In the novella, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the association of the exterior appearance and inner feelings are openly linked. The hideous creature that the science addict, Victor Frankenstein, makes is initially innocent yet severely deformed. His nature is to be benevolent and sympathetic, however, society only views his externalRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture In Frankenstein By Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1158 Words   |  5 PagesNature versus nurture has been a popular topic of discussion among psychologists, scientists, educators, and parents. The main focus of the nature versus nurture debate is how it affects human behavior and development. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley emphasises the idea that parents and families have a powerful influence on human behavior, which is demonstrated in the relationship between Creature and Victor. â€Å"Folding Beijing† written by Hao Jingfang takes a different perspective on the ideaRead MoreTexts in Time Frankenstein and Bladerunner : )1400 Words   |  6 PagesModule A: Texts in Context â€Å"Mary Shelley’s values are still relevant to society today†. Discuss with reference to your knowledge of Blade Runner and Frankenstein. (1200 words) Frankenstein, Mary Shelley’s cautionary tale of science vs. religion was first published in 1818, in an increasingly secular, but still patriarchal British society, amongst the aftermath of the French and Industrial revolutions and a burgeoning scientific research scene. Upon the second release in 1831, the novel was greetedRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture in Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein1008 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture Francis Galton, the English Victorian polymath first coined the term, Nature vs. Nurture in 1871, when he considered how much influence our upbringing had on our fate, and whether or not our destiny was preset. Long before the term Nature vs. Nurture was coined, Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel, Frankenstein, explored the idea of nature vs. nurture in the context of creation. The greatest exemplification of Nature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein is explored in the fate of the Creature, whoRead MoreNature vs Nurture in Frankenstein Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture in Frankenstein In the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the relationship of external appearance and internal feelings are directly related. The creature is created and he is innocent, though he is severely deformed. His nature is to be good and kind, but society only views his external appearance which is deformed. Human nature is to judge by external appearance. He is automatically detested and labeled as a monster because of his external appearance. He finallyRead MoreEllen Gonzalez Per. 5 Frankenstein Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is about Victor Frankenstein’s600 Words   |  3 PagesEllen Gonzalez Per. 5 Frankenstein Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is about Victor Frankenstein’s excessive knowledge in the sciences and his refusal to accept his own creation. Frankenstein starts with a healthy curiosity in the sciences that eventually turns into an unhealthy obsession he can no longer control. He undergoes a drastic transformation because of making experiments that eventually result in his biggest one yet; the monster. Shelley applies the themes: the danger of too much knowledgeRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein, And The Modern Prometheus3901 Words   |  16 Pages â€Å"Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus†, by Mary Wollstonecraft (Godwin) Shelley Mary Shelley s novel Frankenstein is best known for its influence in popular culture through many film adaptations. It is in fact, however, one of the great novels of ideas. Write an essay that discusses in what sense you think it is a novel of ideas. What are its claims about human reason and human nature? Shelley explores some aspects of human nature, specifically human lust for power and the unfortunate way weRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1054 Words   |  5 Pagesshow the control and dominance that men have in society. Frankenstein is particularly notable for its number of absent mothers. This may link to Mary Shelley’s own life, as her birth caused the death of her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft. The main absent mother in the novel, is the motherless monster. Although the monster was not born, he was created by Victor Frankenstein who he sees as a mother figure. Margaret Homans argues that while Frankenstein is creating the monster – while he is pregnant with itRead MoreOutline on Frankenstein3283 Words   |  14 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley In the Gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley integrates the rhetorical devices figurative language, imagery, and tone to impart the concept that the desire to acquire knowledge and emulate God will ultimately result in chaos and havoc that exceeds the boundaries of human restraint. I. Life of Mary Shelley / Characteristics of Gothic Literature A. Life of Mary Shelley 1. Eleven days after Mary Shelleys birth, her mother, the famed author of A VindicationRead More Fear of Pregnancy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay2075 Words   |  9 PagesFear of Pregnancy in Frankenstein   Ã‚   Frankenstein can be read as a tale of what happens when a man tries to create a child without a woman. It can, however, also be read as an account of a womans anxieties and insecurities about her own creative and reproductive capabilities. The story of Frankenstein is the first articulation of a womans experience of pregnancy and related fears. Mary Shelley, in the development and education of the monster, discusses child development and education and

Essay on The Sociological Theories Impact on Education

Education is the most important part of a person’s life. According to Vissing, social institutions impact educational structures, processes, and outcomes (Vissing, 2011). Education help people gain knowledge and skills to function in everyday life. Educational institutions are designed to transmit information, provide skills, shape attitudes and beliefs, and instill norms and values (Vissing, 2011). Education is important in the functioning of state and local governments. Functionalism, conflict, and interactionalism are sociological theories that are important for people to know. These theories are important in helping to understand education and why education is important. Vissing states, â€Å"Some people feel that schools are falling†¦show more content†¦Another benefit that functionalists see in education is sorting. Sorting is separating students on the basis of merit. Schools also sort students on the basis of merit and channel the most capable into avenues geared toward success (Parsons, 1951). The most capable students are identified early. If the student scores high on classroom and standardized tests, then they enter accelerated programs and college preparation courses. This is referred as social placement. Sociologists saw this process as a beneficial function in society (www.uwosh.edu). Networking is another important function. Sociologists primarily interest themselves in how sorting and networking lead couples together in similar backgrounds (www.uwosh.edu). College is one of the places people meet and form relationships that eventually turn into marriage. The final function is replacement of family. Parents who reject this function of education often choose to home school their children or place them in private schools that support their value. There are a few families in my hometown who home school their children for different reasons such as environment, convenience, etc. I also have friends of another race that switched from public to private school when it was time for them to go to junior high. The junior high is majority blackShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Sociological Theories in Education1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Sociological Theories in Education Crystal Taylor-Johnson SOC101: Introduction to Sociology Professor Christine Henderson November 22, 2010 Education is the most important part of a person’s life. Without a good education people would struggle in everyday life just to be able to get by. There are three theories that help understand education. Even though most people feel theories are just someone’s opinions, education has many different theories that support it because these theoriesRead MoreEssay on Impact of Sociological Theories on Education1844 Words   |  8 Pages Impact of Sociological Theories on Education Sociologists and educators argue the function of education in society. Historically speaking, education was very informal; formal education was only for the elite. Whether education serves a political or an economic agenda can be best viewed within three perspectives. These perspectives are the functionalist, conflict and interactionist perspective. We will explore the differences and similarities in functionalistRead MoreThere Is A Wide Array Of Theories About The Cause Of Crime1102 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a wide array of theories about the cause of crime ranging from predisposition to environmental factors. Research and development of these delinquency theories have progressed and been categorized by biological, psychological, and sociological theories. A major biological theory is Richard Dugdale’s theory of inheritance. There are several psychological theories with two of them being intelligence theory and Sigmund Freud’s personality trait theory. Sociological theories includes Emilie Durkheim’sRead MoreSociology as a Perspective 1332 Words   |  6 PagesSociologist argue that â€Å"the sociological perspective is a way of thinking; a form of consciousness that challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others, so we can critically asses the truth commonly held assumptions† (Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events andRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective On Medical Conditions1687 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain poor health. On a different note, the sociological perspective takes on a different approach to explain medical conditions. The sociological perspective focuses on the external influences, rather than then internal influences, such as the social environment, institutions, and relationships to assess and explain illness. The sociological perspective contains the following theories to support its assessment of illness and they are: stigma, labeling theory, and medicalization. These three conceptsRead MoreSociological Theories and Family Essay examples1662 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Theories and Family Sociological Theories and Family Sociological theories are important in understanding how the society operates. In addition, the theories help one understand how people in society relate with each other. The theories have helped understand various social issues in the society and made it easy to develop solutions to the problems. There are different theories that are used to explain how the society operates and how people interact with each other. Examples ofRead MoreEssay about Sociology Midterm955 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1. Define the sociological perspective or imagination, cite its components, and explain how they were defended by C. Wright Mills. The sociological imagination is defined as being a way of thinking that helps us use information or data to form theories about the social patterns around us. We collect information and from that information we may make judgments or prediction. However we cannot view society in one’s own point of view. Everyone is different so it is important to not only form our ownRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. It will evaluate the view that differences in the life chances between social groups which are dependent on various social factors affecting the society and individuals. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast these two sociological perspectives. Life chances can have a positive or negative effect on individual’s lifetime in terms of their education, health, employment, income and housing. TheyRead MoreThe Structural Theory Of Poverty1031 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s world, the United States is the leading economic powerhouse. However, poverty is still a prevalent and pervasive social problem (Arneson, 2007). This paper will discuss the sociological concepts and theories surrounding this pertinent issue. In addition, it will point out the value of sociological research into this social ill. Lastly, it will present evidence to support the hypothesis that poverty is a structural failure. In contrast to the school of thought supported by a number ofRead MoreThe Sociological Perceptions Of Health And Illness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sociological perceptions of health and illness. This essay also discusses about the various patterns of health inequality within society, and to evaluate the different perspective and views of health within our society. It will also provide a brief analysis of two different starts to the study of health and illness. This essay will then move on to examine different health pattern which are gender, ethnicity and class. Health has always been the dominant factor of the society. Sociological investigation

Public Relation and Corporate Communication Answers to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Communication and Public Relations in Johns Outback Adventures Tours. Answer: Introduction Corporate communication entails activities involved in managing and orchestrating both internal and external communication within the organization. Through communication, the organization seeks ensure that the same message is communicated to all its stakeholders to enable the organization communicate its mission, vision and values into a cohesive message. This integrated structure of communication links stakeholders to the organization(Argenti, 2009). A conference board study of US large firms revealed that almost eighty percent of all the organization have corporate communication functions that include speech writing, media relations, corporate advertising, community relations and employee communication(Pratt M. a., 2000). This leads to developing of specialized professionals who are charged with the responsibility communicating to different audiences. Today many organizations have established a chief communication officer position within the organization and the responsibilities th at have been assigned to such individuals are slowly broadening to act strategic advisers for the organization. Public relations is based on managing the spread of information between two different groups within the organization or outside the organization. Charles (2009) suggests that ppublic relations differ from advertising and marketing since it creates coverage for clients to inform the public of prospective opportunities that exist and persuade them to develop a certain view about the organization its products, leadership or political decisions. This enables the organization establish and maintain relationships with a specific target audience that the organization seeks to reach out to(Lister, Dovey, Giddings, Grant, Kelly, 2009). This report seeks to highlight the importance of developing corporate culture and effective team communication to improve corporate communication and public relations in Johns Outback Adventures Tours. The report analyses the importance of the two elements in enabling the organization achieve corporate communication and public relations. Further, the report hi ghlights the areas that need to be addressed when developing a program to train the employees. Justification of the topics When dealing with corporate communication and public relations at the organizational level there are different areas that need attention and have to be considered to improve communication skills within the organization by developing training programs that can be used to improve the process. This report highlights the importance of developing an effective organizational culture and effective team communication as a way improving corporate communication and public relations. Organizational culture has been chosen since it seeks to create an image for the organization that improves corporate image and satisfies clients through customer practices that are aligned to the organizational objective. Each objective has an established set of activities that are linked to implicit and explicit organizational principles including values and behaviors that contribute to unique social and psychological environments within the organization. Therefore organizational culture is a set of collective values and principles that bind organizational members to the overall objective of the organization. On the other hand effective team communication is based on developing communication strategies that differentiate teams from groups of people working together(Schein, 1992). When a group of employees are assigned a task that they need to work together and achieve a common purpose, then the group members will work and communicate together to develop effective teams that can easily execute tasks within the organization(Brown Dacin, 1997). Effective communication is used to eliminate stress and tension within groups making it easy for people to work together within the organization. Therefore organizational culture and effective team communication play an important role in creating effective teams within the organization. Developing an effective organizational culture Organizational culture encompasses values and behaviors that contribute to unique social and psychological environment within an organization. Ravasi Schultz (2006) suggests that these are collective values believes, and principles that members of the organisation share and have in common. Islam Zyphur (2009) suggests that organizational culture is a product of organisational history, market, technology, management style, type of employees and national culture. All these factors shape the kind of organisational culture that is developed. As an element of organsational development, this culture is based on the evolutions that the organisation has experienced through history and the forces that have defined the success and failures of the organisation(Catalin, 2011). There are flexible and stable cultures which focuss on order and control versus adaptationand dynamism which will affect the management style that may be developed by the organisation. While on the other hand, internal c ulture is based internal orientation and integration of the organisation then external culture focusses on competition and differentiation of the organisation to achieve new business dimensions(Deal Kennedy, 2002). Denison, Haaland, Goelzer (2004) suggests that these leads to an emergence of complex results from a combination of different organisational elements like employee engagement, developing work relations and focussing on the customer. When organizational culture becomes part of the organization, it leads to shard assumptions that guide business activities, patterns of communication and the relationships that the organisation forms with the outside environment. Since communication and public relations entail passing information about the organisation to different stakeholders, standards which are used to form relationships and pass the same information from one person to the other form a corporate culture that becomes unique to the organization which is described as organisational culture(Watkins, 2013). There are several factors within the organisation that shape and affect the way organisational culture is shaped. There are different factors like values, degree of hierachy, management style, task orientation, functional orientation, organisational subcultures and business objectives. Many organisations are shaped by their business objectives that define their existence within the business environment(Kotter Heskett, 1992). For example, the theory of organisations is based on the notion that organisation exist to make profits and thus every activty that they engage in is shaped by the drive to maximise profits. Therefore developing organisational culture is a strtegythat seeks to complement organisational objectives by maximising business profits. In developing organisational culture, different strategies can be put in place to ensure that members can develop the required attributes that can lead to achievement of organizational objectives. Managers are tasked with the responsibility of crreating and at the same time managing the organisational culture that is needed to ensure that employees embrace organizatioal culture and are aligned to the business strategy(Schneider, 1998). One of the best ways that managers an achieve this is to build strong foundations by focussing efforts on certain a couple of behaviours that need to be changed to develop team effort that ensures the culture is achieved. When developing new behaviours within the organisation, managers have to analyse and evaluate the existing behaviours through clarifying organisational vision and expected behaviours from employees. Then the employee behaviours need to be aligned through developing strategic priorities that work best for the organsisation and developi ng smart goals for the employees. After that the manager needs to focus on managing and maintaining a system of behaviours that have been defined and described within the organisation. According to research, it is revealed that seventy percent of employees are not inspired to work since they are not involved in developing a cultural road map that is applied within the organisation(Chatman Jehn, 1994). For effective implementation of this strategy, value blue printing is used to ensure that the right values are instilled in employees through organisational processes that align employees to new behaviours. O'Donovan (2006) suggests that norm formation is used in developing the organisational culture as a way of instilling the right processes that are required in the organisation. Norms shape the relationships that people form with each other around the organisations. When norms are established, employees and other stakeholders strive to uphold these norms as a way of ensuring that they support the needs of the oorganisation. Crtitical incidences that happen at the workplace or when people are interacting form the basis on which norms are defined and regulated. Behaviours are controlled through praise and reprimand to uphold required behaviours. To develop an effective organisational culture management needs to develop a well planned change management process that is involved in developing the organisational culture model that lists each culture profile to detrmine the dorminat culture and different subcultures(Black, 2003). This will enable developing of breakthrough culture that is ne eded. Since organisations have different departments that perform different functions, each of these departmentsmay have its own subculture which is unique to the way activities are carried out in the organisation(Miller, Casey, Konchar, 2014). The cultural model will thus enable the rganisatin to integrate various and competing cultures within the organisation to form a unique culture reflects the overall image of the organisation. When working on developing the organisational culture Johns Outback Adventures Tours needs to gain a realistic view of its current organizational profile to develop better strategies that can lead to developing of new organizational culture. Shahzad, Luqman, Khan, Shabbir (2012) suggests that organizational culture has a positive impact on the overall performance of the organisation. Every employee or stakeholder seeks to connect with the organisation in a way that is similar to the way thers are connectng. Thus developing a clear organisational culture ensures that a common path that is followed by everybody through a combination f existing subcultures and developing a unique culture that reveals a positive organisational image that clients can attribute to(Robbins Sanghi, 2007). This satisfies the needs of both management and clients by creating a common ground on which they can interact. Effective team communication Communication is a necessary management tool used to link different parts of an organization one another as a way of defining the relationship that members have and how responsibilities are shared among members. Team communication plays different roles within the organization and management level (Modaff, DeWine Butler, 2011). Groups have individuals with varying cognitive levels which make members define and develop trust based on different methods. Team communication helps organization develop an understanding among the members to increase productivity of the workforce. Members need to interact positively in a way that enables them to exchange ideas and abilities that lead to achievement of organizational objectives. This enables members of a team to build trust among each other. Organizations that have effective teams are built on effective communication strategies that enable members to interact and connect with each other at the organizational. Without effective communication, organizations suffer related consequences like incomplete tasks, missed deadlines and unmet goals. On the other hand, Phillips (2006) suggesst that when communication flows well the organization reaps the benefits of increased production and achieves its objectives. The functional perspective of team communication is based on the premise that team members can harness and use communication as a social tool that is used to satisfy certain prerequisites within the organization. When teams make decisions key questions are used to determine the nature of the decisions that they make. The communication patterns and decisions that are made by the teams are supported by relevant support from the organization to enable easy flow of messages from one point to another. There are important elements that contribute to team effectiveness in communication like organization, tone, clarity, style, language usage and feedback. This helps members in a team to understand their roles and the way in which the roles intersect to form a team rather than individuals working together. When paired with active listening, coordination is achieved within the group allowing members to communicate with each other and link the tasks that they are doing to the overall objective of the organization. When teams work together, they seek to accomplish the larger organizational objective which is achieved when each member plays the role that contribute to the overall goal of the organization. When individual efforts are put together, the organization realizes the overall objective that was intended for its purpose. When building effective team communication skills form the most important part that each member needs to have to relate well with others and at the same time understand the way information is being communicated. Communication skills need to be developed on a daily basis to enable the employee understand the way teams communicate(Seitel, 2007). Since there are different team levels like formal and informal groups within the organization which will work on different tasks. In most cases a team comprises of both formal and informal elements in its characteristics and thus team members need to have the ability to balance between the two elements to create the best team within the organization. Trainers need to focus on developing communication skills that members can apply when working at the team level. System appraisal tools must be available to detect early signs of poor communication within the organization. Concentrating all efforts on training the employees on how to improve their communication skills without system appraisal can lead to low realization of the intended outcomes. There are different training tools and programs used to train employees but not all of them work in every organization. There are different communication barriers and challenges within the organization that may affect the flow of communication and create barriers(Pratt Foreman, 2000). Each of the factors needs to be analyzed at the context of organization and strategies developed that are geared towards it. Since organizations exists as set of systems that are based on coordinated effort and tasks, each element within the organization may affect the flow of communication. Therefore system appraisal ensures that proper detection and appraisal mechanisms are put in place to analyze communication patterns . Therefore effective communication is an element that arises when individuals learn to appreciate the abilities of others, put away individual gains and focus on organizational goals through linking their efforts to the overall objective. Conclusion Organizational culture is a product of the organizational environment that describes the unique way in which activities are carried out. Johns Outback Adventures Tours needs to have a culture that defines the way employees carry out their activities and how their clients feel when they are treated by the organization. This culture enables the company to have a positive public relations and corporate communication image with its stakeholders since it defines values that need to be upheld by all employees. In real sense organizational culture affects employees most since they form all the activities that are used to define the organization. Since corporate communication and public relations are elements of creating organizational image, this means that organizational culture needs to be embraced by all employees as a way of ensuring that the organization achieves a clear image. It is evident that effective team communication plays a critical role in the organization through creating efficient action, encouraging input, dynamic change and creating an understanding within the organization. Communication patterns need to be designed in a way that enables information to easily flow from one source to another without any delays. Further, the members need to understand how communication patterns take place and how they can be internalized. To ensure that the organization is in touch with relevant issues within, there is need for appraisal of communication tools available to determine how they can be improved or redesigned to suit the current needs(Charles, 2009). Team work forms an integral element of achieving organization effort since when an organization serves its clients it depends on the efforts of different employees to achieve the desired results. Public relations and corporate communication seek to improve the image of the organization through creating a positive environment that allows stakeholders to easily interact with each other(Brown Dacin, 1997). When people interact they get to learn the organizational culture as a way of being part of the organization. Therefore, employees need to be trained on how they can improve organizational image through embracing organizational culture and effective team communication. Since culture is learned, then it means that an individual becomes part of a team only through embracing the desired values in the organization. Johns Outback Adventures Tours will reap highly from developing an organizational culture and improving effective team communication as way of achieving corporate and public image. Recommendations Corporate communication and public relations are elements that are applied to create a positive image of the organization. Through developing an organizational culture and effective team communication, Johns Outback Adventures Tours can improve its image and reap the benefits associated with it. However, employees need to be trained and aligned to the required organizational design to be able to communicate and relate well with others(Bio, 2013). When designing the training program Johns Outback Adventures Tours needs to use the steps listed below to design a program that will fit the needs of the organization. Step one: situational analysis This will entail analyzing the whole organization together with its elements to understand elements that may be missing or the ones that need to be updated. Different tools can be used to appraise and identify gaps within the system that need to be changed. Through analyzing annual reports, meeting minutes, clients feedback, employees feedback, management comment and recommendations form employees, gaps can be identified to show areas that need to be improved. A score card can be used to appraise every element to determine the areas that need to be addressed. Step two: prioritizing the needs of the organization It is evident that needs will vary and different problems carry different magnitude threats to the organization. This means that the needs to be ranked depending on the need or threat that they have to the organization. This will assist in planning and allocation of resources for each activity. Step three: developing relevant training materials Training programs are expensive to organizations since they sometimes require the efforts of external consultants which may cost the organization. Johns Outback Adventures Tours management needs to determine whether they need an external trainer or they can use internal employees to carry out the training. Step four: training The training has to be tailored in such a way that it does not affect normal running of activities or inconvenience business. Then employees work in different departments that may have similar and at the same time unique situations that call for unique and tailored mechanisms to address them. Step five: Manage, follow-up and appraise Once a program has been designed and implemented, there is need to focus on managing the required changes within the organization through creating an environment that gives the required conditions. Every program needs to be evaluated to determine if it has achieved its intended objectives or not. With this an appraisal tool needs to be used to measure the impact of the training and then follow-up tests need to be carried out to determine if the concepts in the training are being implemented or not. This will form the basis of future training and needs assessment that will be used to improve the organization. References Argenti, P. (2009). Corporate Communication. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Bio, F. (2013, October 4). Great Company Culture. Forbes. Black, R. J. (2003). Organizational Culture: Creating the Influence Needed for Strategic Success. London. Brown, T., Dacin, P. (1997). The company and the product: corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84. Catalin, T. (2011). ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. The 6th International Scientific Conference DEFENSE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE 21st CENTURY, (pp. 61-67). Brasov. Charles, F. (2009). Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Chatman, J. A., Jehn, K. A. (1994). Assessing the relationship between industry characterestics and organizational culture: How different can you be? Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 522-553. Deal, T., Kennedy, A. A. (2002). Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Denison, D. R., Haaland, S., Goelzer, P. (2004). Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness: Is Asia Different from the Rest of the World? Organizational Dynamics, 98109. Islam, G., Zyphur, M. (2009). Rituals in organizationios: A review and expansion of current theory. Group Organization Management, 34. Kotter, J. P., Heskett, J. L. (1992). Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: The Free Press. Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., Kelly, K. (2009). New media: A critical introduction (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Miller, R., Casey, M., Konchar, M. (2014). Change Your Space, Change Your Culture: How Engaging Workspaces Lead to Transformation and Growth. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Modaff, D., DeWine, S., Butler, J. (2011). Organizational communication: Foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings. Boston: Pearson Education. O'Donovan, G. (2006). The Corporate Culture Handbook: How to Plan, Implement and Measure a Successful Culture Change Programme. The Liffey Press. Phillips, D. (2006). Towards relationship management: Public relations at the core of organizational development. Journal of Communication Management. Pratt, M. a. (2000). Classifiying managerial responses to multiple organizational identities. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 18-42. Pratt, M., Foreman, P. (2000). Classifiying managerial responses to multiple organizational identities. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 18-42. Ravasi, D., Schultz, M. (2006). Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of Management Journa, 49(3), 433458. Robbins, S. P., Sanghi, S. (2007). Organizational Behavior. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Schein, E. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership: A Dynamic View. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schneider, S. C. (1998). National vs. corporate culture: Implications for human resource management. Human Resource Management, 27(2), 231246. Seitel, F. P. (2007). The Practice of Public Relations. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Shahzad, F., Luqman, R. A., Khan, A. R., Shabbir, L. (2012). Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance: An Overview. NTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9), 975-985. Watkins, M. D. (2013, May 15). What Is Organizational Culture? And Why Should We Care? Havard Business Review.

This Land Is Your Land free essay sample

Aaron Millsap J. Dunn Eng. 201 7/20/2010 This Land is Your Land The term â€Å"American† has always been loved and hated by every country in the world. Foreigners that legally immigrate to the United States need to have a reason. Do immigrants do so because they want a better life for their families, a place that you don’t have to worry about bombs exploding, or if you speak up you put your life at risk? Being an American means that you want to practice and protect freedom because the conditions of their immigrating match our fore fathers reasons. The value of historically analyzing immigration is a key argument to backing my thesis. Lets look at it like this. When the first foreigners set foot on American soil they did so looking for a new land and freedom. Low and behold they couldn’t speak the Native American language. This is exactly what the short story, â€Å"The Gift of Language† talks about. We will write a custom essay sample on This Land Is Your Land or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lan Cao writes that when her mother came to the United States she felt overwhelmed by the difficulties of being a foreigner. But Lan’s mother was going through the same crisis our forefathers had to when they immigrated. Learning the language and a new culture is part of being a foreigner. The Associated Press Stylebook defines the word American as, â€Å"An acceptable description for a resident of the United States. It also may be applied to any resident or citizen of nations in North or South America I believe this is the closest â€Å"technical† explanation of the word American. Now I believe that the correct term for a citizen of the United States should be US-ian (Webster88). In the political and census view of Americanism one who is Chinese is labeled â€Å"Chinese American, but one who is white is labeled Caucasian, not American (USCensus). The process of being â€Å"politically correct† has ultimately split everyone into sub-American categories, not generalizing our citizens as a whole community of Americans. If an American immigrates to Egypt, do they become an American Egyptian? Not likely. The United States is one of the only countries to classify people on there race because so many people want to be American. Immigrating to the United States as Firoozeh Dumas and his brother did in, â€Å"The â€Å"F-Word†Ã¢â‚¬ , is a socially difficult process. Having a difficult name or pronouncing a word the way it would sound in your language are one of a million awkward and tense social situations a foreigner goes through. Imagine not being able to order food or get a job just because you cant speak English. This is why I believe all legal immigrants should have to go through a culture and language class. The first and last verse of, â€Å"This Land is your land,† explains being American: This land is your land, this land is my land From California, to the New York Island From the redwood forest, to the gulf stream waters This land was made for you and me. † â€Å"In the squares of the city In the shadow of the steeple Near the relief office I see my people And some are grumblin and some are wonderin If this lands still made for you and me. † In the first verse the writ er touches on how from coast to coast, if you’re here â€Å"this land was made for you and me. But when the song closes the writer says, â€Å"I see my people and some are grumblin and some are wonderin If this lands still made for you and me. † The tension that exists between new immigrants and naturalized immigrants is ever rising. How many times have you heard, or even said, something like â€Å"Go back to where you came from† or anything else to that extent or more? Probably more than you think. â€Å"As of 2000, roughly half of Americans believed that whites had become a numerical minority† (Alba 88). Being a white American I can say this is true especially in major cities across the nation. Since the 1960’s the amount of immigration has been rising . In fact Bill Clinton said this in a 1998 speech at Portland University, â€Å"A half century from now, when your grandchildren are in college, there will be no majority race in America. † Slowly but surely Bill Clinton is right. I think by that time there will be so many different mutts of people that we, as Americans, will create our own race of people. In some ways this is alarming to many people. On May 1st, 2007 news stations around the country reported on the alleged plot to massacre thousands of Mexican immigrants. The Group, Alabama Free Militia, were planning on using deadly force to eradicate Mexicans by stockpiling 130 grenades, a grenade launcher, a machine gun, short barreled shot-guns, two silencers, numerous other firearms, 2500 rounds of ammunition, explosive components, approximately 70 improvised explosive devices, commercial fireworks, and enough ammunition to fill a U-Haul trailer (Opinionbug. om) This crazy idea of people so angry about immigration is appalling. To think you would take some ones life because they were not legal. My personal feelings on legal immigration and foreigners are a little more compassionate than the Alabama Free Militia’s. This country was founded by immigrants, built and governed by them. Special laws were placed so that people immigrating legally had a safe place to call home. In return these legal immigrants would pay taxes , follow our laws and register with government agencies to better America. Those, I believe, that have broken our immigration laws and came here illegally are doing more damage than their legal counterparts. But us Americans are so lenient on the illegal part of immigrants that it ultimately makes all immigrants seem â€Å"illegal† in Americans eyes. This is why I believe a portion of Americans believe if you don’t speak English or are not American culture knowledgeable than you don’t belong here In conclusion, I believe being a foreigner is more American than being â€Å"American. Hundreds of years of immigration has made us who we are today. Laws, traditions, religion, and language have all been at the forefront of shaping our great country. With out these great people hundreds of contributions to science and business would be forever lost in translation. Civil human rights would be lacking, and the United States could have been a dictatorship. All of the struggles foreigners have dealt with in there homeland have immigrated with the m, only to make our country more aware of each other

Abortion misc19 essays

Abortion misc19 essays November 14, 1979, with the temperature outside at fifteen degrees, a two pound baby girl was found in a field wrapped up in a wet, dirty, old shirt. The umbilical cord was still attached, and the baby had been aborted twelve weeks prematurely. With little chance of survival, the baby was taken to a medical center. The little girl survived surgery and other efforts to save her. The baby was later adopted by, Susan Morrison, one of the nurses who attended to her. The baby was named Christelle, and now she and her mother talk to thousands of people about abortion and the pro-life movement (Maffet 13-14). This is an example of one person who felt they had the right to kill an unborn child. There are one million six hundred thousand other abortion stories every year in the United States alone (Swindoll 13). No one should have the right to kill an unborn child. "Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by death of the embryo or fe tus: as spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first twelve weeks, induced expulsion of a human fetus" (Webster 2). " The life of a child starts in the womb where God personally and sovereignly superintends the development and maturation of the baby before birth" (Swindoll 25). Because life begins at conception, abortion is more than terminating a pregnancy, it is taking a life. The development of a baby can be medically documented. At eighteen to twenty-five days the baby's heart starts to beat. At forty to forty-two days the brain waves can be detected and at eight weeks the baby can grasp its hands. It can also swim with a natural swimmer's stroke and will already have its own set of fingerprints (Student Pack 1). It is at this eight week period that about fifty percent of abortions are done (Swindoll 13). Approximately twenty-seven percent of all abortions are done at ten weeks into the pregnancy (Swindoll 13). At this stage of development, ...

Essay on Great Britain

Essay on Great Britain Essay on Great Britain This is a free sample essay on Britain: If you choose to travel across half the world, and find yourself in the UK, you truly will be in a land of paradox. A rigid social system is contradicted by incredible social diversity, where steet signs are written in Urdu, Mandarin, Welsh. This traditional country is at the centrepiece of the European Union, yet doesnt subscribe to its currency, the Ecu. The food to feed the family is all meat-and-potato, yet the most popular take away food is the Curry, closely follwed by Asian dishes, and then Pizza. The Royal Family jostles for position with the New Royals, Posh and Becks, Stella and John McCartney, Madonna and Guy When travelling through the UK, you are actually visiting a Principality, Wales (Prince-Ruled Kingdom) two Realms (Scotland and England) and a Province, Northern Ireland. When travelling through, you will see that drastically different dialects can exist in communities spaced just a few miles apart (oh! By the way, petrol is sold in Litres, but distances are still measured in miles!) They say an Englishmans home is his castle, and if you ever do get invited in to someones home (which doesnt happen very often!) be sure to accept if you are lucky, you will find a cosy home full of books, antiques, history and curios. To meet the true Brit, make sure you visit a country Pub, order a Bitter (Britains dark-beer version of lager) and sit by the fire or at the bar. Its hard to strike up a conversation with people sometimes (the traditional British reserve!) but you will learn much about social mores and structures just by watching and listening. Locally-brewed bitters and beers have their own, distinctive tastes, and the London Beer Festival brings all of these together in three riotous, fun-filled days. Nothing is ever very far away in the UK. You can drive from the top to the bottom in 6 hours. This means that in the morning, you could enjoy a Full English Breakfast in Cornwall, have a Cream tea in Somerset for elevenses (morning snack), have a Stottie (Large sandwich) in Newcastle for lunch, and feast on Haggis and Scotch in Scotland by Dinnertime! You can get a ferry to Ireland from Wales, (2 hours) or take the tunnel (20 mins) or ferry, (2hours) to France and be on mainland Europe in a flash. If you go to Britain, be sure to take time to discover ancient rituals, such as Morris Dancing in Somerset, Cheese-Rolling Chasing in Gloucestershire, Beefeater Lore at the Tower of London, Longest-Day Equinox at Stonehenge and Eisteddfods in Wales. Village Fetes (annual get-togethers at the local village hall) are usually hilarious, with races and painting competitions for the kids, cake-making competitions for the wives, and welly-wanging contests for the men (throwing Gum boots its harder than it sounds). Going to Britain is to immerse yourself in the past, whilst keepingone eye on the future. Fashion, science and industry all get a forward shove in the UK, but we are still very proud of our past got none. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on Britain from our professional essay writing service.

How has inflation adversely affected social security Term Paper

How has inflation adversely affected social security - Term Paper Example The fund raising mechanism of Social Security makes it a ‘pay-as-you-go’ system and can be termed as advance-funded. In simple words, funds to this program are contributed by the people who are presently working and are utilized for the benefit of the retirees. Ohlemacher (2010) states that Social Security is funded by a 6.2 percent payroll tax, paid by workers as well as employers. The Social Security corpus is being constantly used and is being replenished at the same time. Since inception, the Social Security program has done exceedingly well and has helped the country tide over many difficult situations. Till date, it remains one of the most successful and most popular programs in the United States which has touched the lives of millions of Americans. Vernon (2011) reveals that as of January 1, 2011, the Social Security trust fund stood at $2.6 trillion. At the end of 2010, close to 54 million people were beneficiaries of this program, while another 157 million peopl e had earnings covered by Social Security and paid payroll taxes. The outflow (expenditures) of the scheme stood at $713 billion while the total inflow (income) was $781 billion in 2010. Of this $664 billion was non-interest income while $117 billion was generated by way of interest. Inflation and Cost of Living Allowances There have been annual increases in Social Security benefits which try and counterbalance the adverse effects of inflation on fixed benefits. This indexing of Social Security benefits for inflation is of monumental importance because the absence of such indexing would result in the erosion of the purchasing power of the beneficiaries. Prices tend to rise over time and increase the cost of living. In such a scenario the beneficiaries would be able to purchase fewer goods and services unless the benefits rise in line with inflation. Known as Cost of Living Allowances (COLAs), these increases in Social Security benefits, based on the annual increase in consumer price s, have become an automatic annual feature of the program beginning 1975. Prior to that, such increases were accorded to the beneficiaries only when the Congress enacted a special legislation. The COLA adjustment is based on the change in the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Work ­ers (CPI-W) over the last year. In periods of deflation where the CPI-W does not increase, no COLAs are announced. Change in Formula Recent reform proposals have called for changes in Social Security’s cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) formula. It has been proposed that a new ‘chained CPI’ be used instead of ‘CPI-W’ that is being used at present. The chained CPI would take into account ‘substitution purchases’ that consumers make to avoid high prices. Estimates reveal that the beneficiaries of Social Security would have to contend with smaller increases under the modified, chained CPI. Estimates reveal that the revised formula would res ult in a retiree receiving $560 less as benefits per year in the first decade. This loss in benefits would reach $984 in two decades from now. There is a section of the society that avers that the government should adopt an elderly-specific

Oral report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oral report - Essay Example Compared to them, now women are more independent and liberated. They can speak, act, and decide things in their own liking with no gender consequences imposed on them. Things are definitely much better. Men have learnt to accept women as their equals in society and life. They have embraced this change and even worked towards enforcing it such as giving equal parliamentary seats for women in various democratic nations. It is said great that things are borne of ideas and thoughts. I thought and wished for this development to once occur and it has. I also tried to acquire education to this effect but due to some reasons was unable to finish. The interviewee seemed very interested. More information was actually being given than what the questions were asked. They seemed to spark some memories and feelings that she wanted heard. It even proved difficult to sometimes be able to steer the interview in the correct direction and relevance to the questions. In her eyes and dedication you could feel that she felt part of history and its unfolding. That she is proud to have experienced that time and the changes that have occurred ever since. Most of what the subject answered was typical of other American women especially African Americans. Their experiences of this period are mainly filled with experiences of racial and gender discrimination. Aspects that greatly surrounded their lives and they all seemed to have wished it away though done nothing active in effect of this. During the periods of 1940’s, Detroit was the leading vehicle manufacturer and boasted of high living standards which rose social issues that later brought its crumbling (Herron 12). It had started a single house policy and living conditions and standards were of a higher class. This was mainly due to the vehicle manufacturing workers good pay. This meant that those earning less such as the subject and most of African American communities had

Gerard Manley Hopkins Essay Example for Free

Gerard Manley Hopkins Essay The Windhover, by Gerard Manley Hopkins is a poem about the essence of natural things. This poem describes the relationship of human beings to the natural world as the poet is addressing God through the bird. It is praising him for all the marvellous things He has created and that humans can enjoy. The poem consists in three verses. In the first verse, the poet describes the power of the bird as it is portrayed as the master of heavens. This verse captures the movement of the bird in the sky. It starts with I caught this morning mornings minion that gives the feeling that the bird is a servant of the sky and it is the morning because it is a good time for hunting. Hopkins puts words together like dapple dawn-drawn to portray multi-images as here where the bird is drawn in the sky. Also, the alliteration here produces the effect of the birds movement in the air and the intensity of the poems feeling. The author writes that the bird is striding high there and this produces the image that the bird is taking huge steps in the air. The bird also rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing showing his power and control with ecstasy. The bird has control over the wind. The rhythm in this verse is very slow, yet steady. This verse consists in very long sentences that convey the effect that the bird is circling the air; with long movements it also reflects the poets feelings. This verse gives as the feeling that he poet has searched very well the words to describe his feelings but at the same time describing the bird. He searches for words that sound as they are written for example sweeps smooth. The second verse consists only of three lines explaining how the bird spots its pray and here, the beauty of the bird is more accentuated when the author uses Brute beauty to describe how beautiful the bird is, even when it is hunting. The word brute has an impact on the readers because this word means violent, wild, but here, the author uses it to emphasize that the beauty is a different kind of beauty; that it is a magnificent beauty, so marvellous and magnificent that there is no better word to describe it than brute. The poem reaches to the climax when the bird spots the pray and the author writes here buckle! as if warning us for action. To be prepared. From now on, the rhythm is more steady with lots of comas and faster than the first verse. This gives us the effect that the bird is now descending towards its pray. At the end of this verse, the author addresses to God as Oh my chevalier! and this is to thank Him for creating such marvellous things as the bird, full of Brute beauty so that humans can enjoy, even though it is only by watching them. When the author addresses to God, the rhythm changes. This matches the ecstasy of the bird in his own physical mastery of the sky. The last verse consists also in three lines, and here, the relationship of human beings to the natural world is also portrayed. This verse is more as a pronouncement. Here the author stops speaking about the bird and makes us realise how Gods beauty of creation is in everything, even in things where there is no apparent beauty. This is achieved also when Hopkins starts talking about how the shi er pli d makes even ploughing beautiful and how blue-bleak embers are also beautiful. In conclusion, I think that Hopkins decides to first start talking about the Windhover and about its Brute beauty to then compare it to the beauty found in every thing of creation. He relates human being to the beauty of nature because the beauty found in nature comes from humans sacrifice. The words on Hopkins poem impact me because they make me realise how lucky we are to be part of creation and enjoy the beauty there is from Christs sacrifice.

Human Mortality in Masque of Red Death Essay -- essays research papers

Human Mortality in â€Å"The Masque of Red Death† As a gothic writer, Edgar Allan Poe created horror using gloom as his weapon. Hidden within the suspenseful story of â€Å"The Masque of Red Death† is an allegorical tale of how individuals deal with the fear of death as time passes. Frantic activities and pleasures (as represented by Prince Prospero and his guests) seek to wall out the threat of death. However, the story reminds the reader that death comes â€Å"like a thief in the night†(Poe 3), and even those who seek peace and safety shall not escape. Poe uses symbolism to illustrate that man cannot hide from his own mortality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David R. Dudley states that â€Å"the Red Death symbolizes death in general† (Dudley 169). This can be assumed by the nature of the disease. No cure could be found for the Red Death and all whom obtained it eventually died. Also, the fact that the Red Death contains the word death directly connects the two. This connection clearly suggests that the Red Death symbolizes death. Knowing that, the fortress that Prince Prospero designed to separate himself and his guests from the Red Death symbolizes his human desire to escape death. Just as humans attempt to avoid the topic of death with material goods and busyness, the prince provides his guests with â€Å"all the appliances of pleasure.†(Poe 1) Yet despite all of these precautions, death rules over all as the Red Death is able to sneak into the fortress and claim every life within it. Liz Bren...

Cb Prepartions Essay

Social character traits have shown that inner and other-directed consumers may have different preferences in terms of promotional messages. Inner-directed people prefer advertisements that stress personal benefits while other-directed people seem to prefer advertisements that feature social acceptance. (a) HIGHLY DOGMATIC CUSTOMERS: It is a personality trait that measures the degree of rigidity (versus openness) that individuals display towards unfamiliar and towards information that is contrary to their own established beliefs. Dogmatism: general tendency to be open or closed to new ideas and innovations. A person who is high in dogmatism approaches the unfamiliar defensively while the person who is low in dogmatism will rarely consider unfamiliar or opposing beliefs. * more receptive is Ads for new products or services that contains an appeal from the authoritative figure. Marketer uses celebrities and experts to their new product advertising for making it easier for the potentially reluctant customers. * Highly dogmatic consumers are likely to respond favorably to a new product when the advertising message is presented in an authoritarian manner (e. g. celebrity endorsement or expert testimonials). * prefer traditional or established products rather than innovative ones. close minded towards unfamiliar and untoward information that is contrary to their own established beliefs * approach such information with considerable discomfort and uncertainty. promotional message most suitable would be endorsement or appeal from an authoritative figure. * New products need to be presented in an authoritative manner and that celebrities could be employed to reach dogmatic consumers who are more closed minded. For example: Colgate Dental Cream with Doctors and Experts endorsements. Anti-Polio Campaign featuring Amitabh and Sachin Tendulkar also useAuthoritative statements. The Cadbury’s brand took a beatng in sales after the worms were found in somepackets. Dogmatic Consumers stopped purchasing the Brand. Amitabh Bacchhanwas then used as Authority figure to reestablish Brand. b) Inner-directed consumers * tend to use their own values and standards in evaluating a new product * ads aimed at them should depict the attainment of personal achievement and satisfaction. ads that stress product features and benefits, which enable them to usetheir own values and standards in evaluating products * rely on their own inner values or standards in evaluating new products and are likely to be the consumer innovators. * other directed customers tend to look to others for guidance a s to what is appropriate or what is inappropriate. * be prefer ads that stress product features and personal benefits ( enabling them to use their own values and standards in evaluating products whereas the other * For example: Surf Ad showing Shabana Azmi saving two buckets of water is an example of the same. The latest from Surf Excel is currently running on television. This is the ad where many people are seen walking with two buckets full of water. They then pour it into a large reservoir. At this point none other than Shabana Azmi informs you what a great thing thissaving of water is for the country and implores you to use Surf Excel. * manufacturer of cameras who advertises to inner-directed consumers should stress the ability to take better pictures and the resulting personal satisfaction. c) Consumers with a high optimum stimulation level * more open to risk-taking, more likely to be innovative have a greater willingness to take risks, try products with many novel features, and shop in new retail outlets. * likely to respond favorably to promotional messages stressing more rather than less risk, novelty,or excitement. * to seek purchase related information and to accept new retail facilities. * For example: The exciting and exotic Vacation Campaign of Malasia-Truly Asia is position ing of  Airways to sell the Asian Adventures. These enjoy thinking. They are responsive to that part of Ad that is rich in Information. The individuals representing this group are adventurous and often related to entrepreneurial environments. The innovators run the risk that the innovation does not catch on, and thus subject themselves to a potential loss they must be prepared to absorb. Therefore innovators have to live with the uncertainty about the potentials of the technology, which can be viewed upon as the price to pay for being pioneers in a new field – catalyzing the diffusion of new technologies. The early adopters are ready to adopt a new technology when they observe that other individuals has started adopting, and sees the potential for being some of the first adopters of a new and promising technology. These individuals are often a more integrated part of the local society than the innovators, and their adoptions are crucial for the technology to take off and get hold of the broad public. For the early adopters the uncertainties about the merits of the new technology are strongly diminished, and can therefore adopt the new technology without running the risk of buying a young and untested technology. This group accounts for about one third of the total number of adopters, and provide the link between the progressive early adopters and the more skeptical later adopters. In the latter half of the spectrum the late majority also represent about a third of the adopters. This group is skeptical to new innovations, and is not willing to adopt, until a lot of other people have adopted before them ensuring the success of the technology and possibly massive network effects. The last 16 % of the adopters, the laggards, often focus on traditional values and base their decisions on past events. They are suspicious of any new inventions to change the way life are traditionally lived, and must be 100 % certain that the technology will prevail before they are willing to adopt. From a consumers’ point of view it is essential to think about the decisions of future adopters when choosing what technology to go with. The decisions of previous adopters are on the other hand a know factor and plays a role for the decision also. So does the structure of the market, i. e. which technologies are available at the time of adoption, compared to potential superior technologies that could be available in the future. Recent findings indicate that there is a lack of willingness to wait by the early adopters. 11 This high priority of being among the very first users of a new technology is said to inflict negative externalities on the later adopters. These later adopters can be forced to adopt an inferior technology to make sure that they are compatible with the technologies of the early adopters, or they might be forced to give up compatibility to get a superior technology. That said the diffusion of new technologies is often strongly dependent on the choices of the early adopters.

Apollo Theatre

Jose 1 Janelle Jose Professor Pappas AAS 254 16 April 2008 â€Å"Our Theater: The Hey Dey of the Apollo Theatre† Apollo was the Greek God of music, Poetry and the arts. His temple was at Delphi and was known to be a place of purification. There is a temple of a different that bears the name of the Greek god and its at 253 West 125th Street Harlem in New York City. The Apollo Theater would become as famous as the temple at Delphi. The Apollo Theaters home was in Harlem. Harlem is known worldwide as a major African-American cultural and business neighborhood.It wasn’t always the Harlem we know today. Harlem didn’t become an African American neighborhood until the Great Migration. During the first decade of the 20th century, Growing unemployment and increasing racial violence encouraged blacks to leave the South. The way they came up north was by working for northern manufacturers who had recruited the southern black workers to fill factory jobs. So from 1910 to 193 0 between 1. 5 million and 2 million African Americans left the South for the industrial cities of the North.By 1930 more than 200,000 blacks had moved to New York. As black communities in Northern cities grew, black working people became the patrons for an expanding black professional and business class, gaining in political and economic power. As more and more educated and socially conscious blacks settled in New York’s neighborhood of Harlem, it developed into the political and cultural center of black America. During the 1910s a Jose 2 new political agenda advocating racial equality arose in the African American community, particularly in its growing middle class.A black middle class had developed by the turn of the century, fostered by increased education and employment opportunities. There was something emerging in the midst of social and intellectual up rise in the African American community in the early 20th century. Harlem Renaissance was the name of the African Amer ican cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem. The Apollo Theater has been the most lasting legacy of the Harlem Renaissance. The Apollo grew to prominence during the Harlem Renaissance of the pre-World War II years.By the time the Apollo had open its doors the Harlem Renaissance was coming to a close. The Apollo Theater that we know today didn’t start out that way. It began as a all white music hall and burlesque theatre. It gained fame a Hurtig and Seamon’s Burlesque in the twenties and early thirties. The 125th street Apollo Theater didn’t open until January 1934. This is when they started showcasing black entertainment. The Apollo theatre was originally owned by Sidney Cohen. After Sydney S. Cohen's death, Morris Sussman and Frank Schiffman got together.Schiffman ran the Harlem Opera House and a merger between the two theaters was formed. Schiffman is credited with guiding the Apollo Theater to greatness. Schiffman's mot ivation for featuring black talent and entertainment was not only because the neighborhood had become black over a two hundred year period of gradual migration, but because black entertainers were cheaper to hire, and Schiffman could offer quality shows for reasonable rates. For many years Apollo was the only theater in New York City to hire black talent. Jose 3With black performers as the main entertainment in the Apollo came an important facet of American life that has been dominated by blacks. That is jazz. In jazz the black man stands supreme. The products of his creative energies are sought after by musicians and listeners of every background. Jazz didn’t start in the Apollo theatre. It didn’t start in Harlem either. The roots of jazz lie deep in the history of New Orleans, Kansas City, Chicago, and New York. The true ancestral roots are buried even deep in the music traditions of West Africa and Latin countries.But the Apollo was one of the places that provided a home and a receptive atmosphere in which jazz practitioners felt at ease, where their art could thrive and flourish. Although jazz was a true American genre of music it was formerly held in relatively low class by certain intellectual. Many believe the reason for the low appraisal of jazz’ value was made because most of the jazz practitioners were black and the critics were white. Although the Apollo Theater was essentially a black theater, the main interest was always in quality rather than color.Even though jazz was predominantly the creation of black musicians, the amount of interracial jazz was relatively small thought the history of early jazz. It wasn’t because of discrimination from the performers but rather the performers were keeping up with the climate of the times. Many white musicians were accepted with respect and affection by Apollo audience. The first show was called â€Å"Jazz a la Carte†. All the proceeds of this show were donated to the Harlem Children's Fresh Air Fund. Since then the Apollo Theater is known for starting careers of many music pioneers. In 1934, it introduced its regular Amateur Night shows.Billing itself as a place â€Å"where stars are born and legends are made,† the Apollo became famous for launching the careers of artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, James Brown, Diana Ross ; The Supremes, Gladys Knight ; The Pips, The Jackson 5, Patti LaBelle, Marvin Gaye, Luther Jose 4 Vandross, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Ben E. King, Mariah Carey, The Isley Brothers, Lauryn Hill, and Sarah Vaughan. The Apollo also featured the performances of old-time vaudeville favorites like Tim Moore, Stepin Fetchit, Godfrey Cambridge, Dewey â€Å"Pigmeat† Markham, Moms Mabley, Marshall â€Å"Garbage† Rogers, and Johnny Lee.The Apollo didn’t only make careers but they also had big name artist. By the mid-thirties, the era of the big band was in full swing. Of all the personalities we ever played at the Apollo, none were as vibrant as Fats Waller. There was never any question about Fats playing the Apollo. It was a semi-annual engagement, which he never missed. The Luis Russell Band was a band that was put together to showcase the talent of Louis Armstrong. They played a 1937 engagement at the Apollo without Louis, who had left the band by then.They band did include clarinetist Barney Bigard, who later starred with Ellington; Big Sid Catlett, who also played with Hines, on drums; and trumpeter Henry â€Å"Red’ Allen. Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong are probably two of the most influential men in the history of jazz. Louis Armstrong played with them all because they all wanted to play with the master. In 1949, Louis’ band in an Apollo show included such legendary figures as trombonist and vocalist Jack Teagarden, drummer Cozy Cole, clarinetist Barney Bigard, pianist Earl Hines, and bassist Arvel Shaw.A jazz lover could only be at awe at this line up. Louis influences everyone, even the singers. Billie Holiday once spoke about how she wanted to sing exactly as Louis played his horn. The fun-loving genius had vocal trick of finishing his songs with â€Å"Oh Yeah†. In 1939 Duke Ellington played the Apollo. He had played there and at the Harlem Opera House and the Lafayette and, of course, was legendary figure at the old Cotton Club. He played the Apollo again, again, and again. He was one of the Jose 5 giants and one of the transcending figures in jazz history.You can’t talk about Duke Ellington musical genius without talking about the incredible number of compositions that he penned. Probably in the whole history of music no one has composed more songs the Ellington. There is said to be over two thousand songs. Women were also very popular in the Apollo Theater. Most of the women were singers, the major exceptions being pianists Mary Lou Williams and Hazel Scott. They were the International Sweethearts of Rhythm . Another talented jazzwoman was Blanche Calloway, sister of Cab Calloway.Although she frequently copied Cab’s style as a leader, she was a serious musician. Later Blanche ran a club in Washington and brought us Ruth Brown, who became a major Apollo attraction. In addition to introducing a vast number of rising stars, the Apollo quickly became a vital stop for any black entertainer, and virtually every major African American musical act performed there at least once as did several white acts, who often were booked because they were assumed to be black. The management maintained a policy of alternating live stage shows with B movies.The Apollo was the pinnacle of the â€Å"classic circuit† of venues including the Regal Theater in Chicago and the Howard Theater in Washington, D. C. that catered to African American audiences. As a show of respect for its legacy, the building was left untouched during the riots of the 1960s. In 1977 the shows were discontinued, and the the atre was operated as a movie theatre. A year later the building was closed. Purchased by investors in 1981, the Apollo received landmark status in 1983, was renovated, and was reopened to the public in 1985. | | | | | | | |

CITATION Lis08 l 1033 (Lisa Dorward, 2008) CITATI Essays

CITATION Lis08 l 1033 (Lisa Dorward, 2008) CITATI Essays CITATION Lis08 \l 1033 (Lisa Dorward, 2008) CITATION Joh15 \l 1033 \m Eth11 (John Turner, 2015; Ethan Pendleton, 2011) CITATION The14 \l 1033 (The European Commission, 2014) CITATION Nei12 \l 1033 (Neil Kokemuller, 2012) Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Ethan Pendleton, 2011. The Advantages of Doing Business in an Emerging Market. [Online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-doing-business-emerging-market-22717.html [Accessed 22 May 2017]. John Turner, 2015. Challenges Facing European Monetary Union. [Online] Available at: http://archive.intereconomics.eu/year/2010/2/challenges-facing-european-monetary-union/ [Accessed 25 May 2017]. Lisa Dorward, 2008. What Is the Importance of Business Cycles? [Online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-business-cycles-24241.html [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Neil Kokemuller, 2012. Advantages Disadvantages of Doing Business in Emerging Markets. [Online] Available at: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-doing-business-emerging-markets-22725.html [Accessed 23 May 2017]. The European Commission, 2014. Economic and Monetary Union. [Online] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/economic-and-monetary-union_en [Accessed 26 May 2017].

3 Ways to Get Ready for the Storm

3 Ways to Get Ready for the Storm Safe rooms are great, but homeowners have other options to prepare for that perfect storm. Faced with extreme weather, responsible property owners protect both their premises and the people who live there. Safe rooms can protect lives, but what are some steps to take to protect your property? Whether your home is old or new, it may not be able to withstand the fierce winds of a hurricane or tornado. Falling debris can shatter windows and strong wind can cause any weak places in the home to give way - photos show us how an EF2 tornado can rip a board from an awning and impale it deep into an adjacent solid concrete wall. Houses should be built, or rebuilt, to withstand natural hazards - wind, water, fire, and the shaking earth. Some of the most durable homes built today are constructed of insulated concrete forms. These hollow foam blocks and panels are reinforced with concrete, making them especially resistant to wind and waves. But, even a house made from concrete can have points of weakness. To protect your home, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends that you pay special attention to three key areas - the roof, the windows, and the doors, including the garage door, if you have one. Focus on Storm-Proofing These Areas 1. The RoofFirst determine what type of roof you have and what environmental dangers are likely to occur. Homes with gabled roofs are more likely to suffer damage from high winds. A gable roof can be strengthened by installing additional braces in the trusses and/or at the gable ends. A qualified builder can install galvanized metal hurricane straps and clips to help secure the roof to the walls. The idea is transfer wind loads by keeping the joints in your home all connected - roof to wall, floor to floor, and wall to foundation, as explained in this YouTube video by StrongHomes. For new construction, consider different types of construction. The DAWG HAUS, or Disaster Avoidance With Good Home Attenuating Unionization System, is a bracket-system of construction being taught in many vocational schools. It will obviously increase construction costs, but the brackets and labor spent on installation will pay for itself after the first storm. Firestorms are just as devastating as wind to the roof of your property. A ceramic tile roof is no match for flying embers compared with the neighbors shake shingle roof. For homeowners in fire-prone areas, remove vegetation from around your home and protect your property from flying embers - windborne debris as dangerous as a steel beam. 2. The WindowsMost damage occurs when debris punctures a window and compromises the premises.The easiest and most effective way to protect windows and glass doors is to install storm shutters. Storm shutters are not decorative, but functional additions to mitigate damage - which is the original purpose of shutters. Building supply stores sell many kinds of storm shutters, from high-tech fabric to automated accordion. You can also make your own shutters out of plywood, or install permanent shutter frames that will hold units in place when needed. Shutters are in addition to what is called windborne debris-resistant glazing (glass), according to FEMA technical assistance. 3. The Doors Most doors do not have bolts or pins strong enough to withstand storm-force winds. Garage doors can be strengthened by installing horizontal bracing in each panel. Bracing kits can often be purchased from garage door manufacturers. You may also need to add stronger supports and heavier hinges for your garage doors. These projects cannot guarantee the safety of your home, but, if done correctly, they may be able to minimize storm damage. Also consult with building professionals in your area, and be sure to check your local building code requirements. Retrofitting and Mitigating Retrofitting is making changes to an existing building to protect it from flooding or other hazards, such as high winds and earthquakes, states FEMA.   Construction technologies, including both methods and materials, continue to improve, as does our knowledge of hazards and their effects on buildings. Hazard mitigation is sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and fires. - FEMA P-312 FEMA encourages homeowners in hurricane and tornado prone regions to construct safe rooms. A safe room is a structurally-sound space strong enough to provide protection from any number of hazards.   Even people who live in brick homes, once considered the safest of all construction, are at risk from the rising tide of earthquakes - unreinforced masonry buildings or URMs have brick walls without steel reinforcing bars embedded within them. Retrofitting URMs is addressed in FEMA publication P-774, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and Earthquakes. Determining risk and retrofitting your property to mitigate risk are profound responsibilities for any property owner - especially in an era of extreme weather and induced seismicity. Sources FEMA 247, Against the Wind: Protecting your Home from Hurricane and Wind Damage, December 1993, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1505-20490-3483/agstwnd.pdf Safe Rooms, FEMA Protection of Openings – Shutters   and   Glazing, Technical Fact Sheet No. 6.2, FEMA, 2010, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1537-20490-6588/fema499_6_2.pdfFEMA P-312, Homeowners Guide to Retrofitting 3rd Edition, 2014, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1404148604102-f210b5e43aba0fb393443fe7ae9cd953/FEMA_P-312.pdfFEMA P-774, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and Earthquakes: Developing Successful Risk Reduction Programs, October 2009, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1728-25045-2959/femap774.pdf Websites accessed August 18, 2017.

Salary research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salary - Research Paper Example Moreover, it has a wide product portfolio because it offers electronics to almost all niches in the market (Al-Mubaraki, 2010). One of the weaknesses of the market is weak financial performance, high dependence on the mature market and not emergent markets. Also, the company has a high dependence on third parties and is faced by litigation. The opportunities that the company has included acquisition Amici and XMPie, growth in small and midsized consumer markets and exploitation of the color peripherals business (Al-Mubaraki, 2010). The Information Management Manager II is a job that earns $9,223.93 - $11,211.89 per month. The salary range applies throughout the County of Santa Clara in California. It is a full-time work under the department of the Valley Medical Centre. The job number is 13013644 in the Xerox Corporation. The manager should manage, coordinate and appraise the information systems found in Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital System. The tasks typical to this management position include developing and implementing tactical plans for information and communication technology for departments. It also covers execution and maintenance of information services projects. The manager is also supposed to provide analytical support in the evaluation of the functionality of information service structures. He should also offer unending support. This means that the manager should be understood the principles, practices as they relate with networks and electronic equipment (Renard, 2007). Surveys selected include Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Wage data and National Compensation Survey. Other sources of salary data are the Salary.com, an online salary research service called Salary Search. WorldatWork is another association that is made up of international human resource practitioners is renowned worldwide as an authority on compensation matters (Ioannis,

Parity Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Parity Theories - Essay Example This simply indicates uniformity in the prices of fixed number of goods and services and exchange rate of two countries. The roots of this theory lie in the law of one price, which says that homogenous goods should have identical prices universally not including any carrying or shipping costs under the prevalence of perfect competition if the pertinent national prices are stated in a common currency. The law of one price has certain conditions, which must exist in order for this law to be applicable. Firstly, it is the presence of competitive market for goods and services in two countries (EconomyWatch, 2010). Secondly, presence of goods and services that two countries can trade between themselves and lastly, checking of transportation and other operational expenses, which are obstructions in trade. Taking example of McDonald’s Big Mac hamburger prices around the world, one can understand this concept. For this the one should take the prices of all the countries in common curr ency, therefore dollar would be the appropriate one as every currency’s appreciation or depreciation is measured in terms of dollar (Taylor and Taylor, 2004, pp.135-158). In January 2004, the price of hamburger in United States was $2.80 where as in China it was $1.23, least expensive of all countries, this shows that China’s currency was underrated by 56%. ... Moreover, wage rate of the person serving foods at restaurant, rent of place of restaurant, and many other factors in case of businesses other that restaurants, have different costs and values in different countries therefore final prices become very different due to these inputs. In response of question that why countries should adopt Purchasing Power Parity Theory when there are so many discrepancies, one can say that in long-term PPP theory has good effects on the economy of a country. A big retailer may use this theory to find that in what countries products possess lesser prices than the domestic country so that the retailer can approach them. This would increase the demand of that product in the country in which it is of low price leading to increase in price (Murray and Papell, 2005, pp. 410-415). Simultaneously, the countries that were selling the product at a higher price would somehow manage to lower the prices so that demand increases and people purchases from them. Ultima tely, both countries would start offering same prices in spite of differences in the currencies. There are two types of purchasing power parity theories; these are Absolute purchasing power parity and relative purchasing power parity. Absolute purchasing power parity theory suggests that if the prices of goods convert into same currency then a basket of goods would have same cost in the native country as well as abroad. In simple words, absolute purchasing power parity theory assumes that the purchasing power of money should be identical between countries. On the other hand, relative purchasing power parity theory focuses on changes in

Entrepreneurship and innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entrepreneurship and innovation - Essay Example ompany owes its popularity and success to the greatest talents that it nurtured that is why the employees benefits and thus career development are paid big attention. Such policy toward employees allows the company to continue its growing and development. ZTE Corporation also thinks what is best for its shareholders, so the investments made in the company activities were made not in vain. Speaking about the social responsibilities, ZTE acts proactively to satisfy the community with its needs and thus respond to the most critique considerations. Having the most complete telecommunications product line in the world, ZTE covers wireless networks, core networks, access and bearer networks and also services and terminals markets.  Along with it, the development capability and customer-oriented strategy that the company conducts, as well as the market-driven strategy, allow ZTE to be able to develop and produce the best market-leading technologies in wireless, access, data and telecommun ications software. These expert solutions enable the company to meet the needs of customers across the globe.  Once the company have realized the potential of the wireless and broadband networking for the global stage, it have opened new opportunities for ZTE in its ability to support transmission infrastructure, which is aimed to maintain demand for smart devices and intelligent network. As a new wave of the company’s activities, it should pay attention on reinvention of its activities to be able to use such opportunities at its best. For businesses, the positive environment predetermines its success. That is why, political, social and technological factors can greatly affect the way companies run their activities. Thus in 2012, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence reported about the threat toward the U.S. national security from the ZTE company side. ZTE stated its own equipment did not threaten the U.S. national security as its all equipment was assessed by the U.S.

The industrial ecology

The industrial ecology ABSTRACT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industrial ecology is the main topics of industrial ecology Subject. Here also come Ecology, Ecosystem, Industrial ecology, Industrial system, Relation between industrial ecology and industrial system. Then describing and discussing the similarities and differences between an ecosystem and an industrial system. Then describing and discussing the actual definition of industrial ecology in the main body of this assignment. Here we can also see that the result and the conclusion at the ends of the body. At the end of this assignment we see the references which I have added to see the original information. Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first we need to know what is ecosystem and what is industrial system? So we need to know, what is ecology? Ecology is a broad biological science and can be divided into many sub-disciplines using various criteria. Many of these fields overlap complement and inform each other (refer 1).So I think Ecosystem is a system which we see the natural world where every thing is running automatically called natural system is one kind of ecosystem. On the other hand industrial system is a system where we get a product or energy when we add some materials. Discipline that traces the flow of energy and materials from their natural resources through manufacture, the use of products, and their final recycling or disposal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly we need to know, what is industrial ecology? Industrial ecology is an interdisciplinaryframework for designing and operating industrial systems as living systems interdependent with natural systems (refer3).we also get in our textbook, Industrial ecology consciously incorporates the word ecology, a term originated with reference of biological system. In my assumption, Industrial ecology is one of the systems which we can contribute by the industry. It is very difficult to identify the actual definition of industrial ecology. Aims and Objectives:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The objectives of this assignment are to describe and discuss the similarities and differences between ecosystem and industrial system and also we will describe and discuss the definition of Industrial ecology in practice and research.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our main goal is describing and discussing elaborately and find the main difference and similarities between ecosystem and industrial system and also we try to find and learn the actual definition of industrial ecology. Methodology:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through gathering information from Chapter 4 of Graedel and Allenby (2003) and Chapter2 of Erkman and Ramaswamy (2003), and other on-line sources about the similarities and differences between ecosystem and industrial system and also collect the information about the definition of Industrial ecology. Here I have given two questions answer and also discuss of that questions to broader our knowledge and to give a more realistic view of industrial ecology. Describing and discussing the similarities and difference between an ecosystem and an industrial system: Similarities between ecosystem and industrial system:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the ecosystem we see that where use some materials and energies on the other hand industrial system we also use some materials and energies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we consider the things that we get ecosystem is a cycling system and industrial system also a cycling system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we consider the natural things like that biological system then we see that ecology is a one kinds of food chain and industrial system when a product finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  out from the system then the system also go to the beginning process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So it is also one kind of food chain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some waste out from every system, most of the time we see that in ecosystem can recover their waste naturally and industrial system also tries   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to recover their waste. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In biological systems, trees use nutrients to produce nuts, which are eaten by squirrels, and the nut resources are used to produce baby squirrels. Some of those babies become food for foraging mammals and birds. The squirrels is thus both pray and predator, secondary producer and consumer. A similar situation exists in industry, where a factory acting as consumer may receive disk drives, housings, and key boards as a consumer and assemble computers as a secondary producer. Differences between ecosystem and industrial system:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the ecosystem we see that where the physical energy dont come directly like as a nutrient but industrial system where physical energy come from directly like as a mechanical or human being.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the ecosystem we get the primary condition and sometimes we get the secondary condition like as gas, coal, oil. But the industrial system only we get the secondary condition like as electricity, light etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And at last in the ecosystem we see some wastes but maximum wastes can recover naturally but industrial system we see the waste more and most of the time it cant recover to use the system. Describe and discuss the definition of Industrial ecology in practice and research:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industrial ecology explores the assumption that industrial activities should not be considered in isolation from the wider world but rather in terms of an industrial ecosystem functioning within the natural ecological system or biosphere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However here there is no standard definition of industrial ecology. Industrial ecology more or less follows three key elements which is below Industrial ecology is a systemic, comprehensive, integrated view of all the components if the industrial economy and their relations with the biosphere. It emphasizes the biophysical substratum of human activities. It considers technological dynamics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So we can say that if we can recover our industrial system then we get the actual industrial ecology. We can recover it by restructuring the industrial system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We can restructure the industrial system by using four main elements Optimizing the use of resources. Closing material loops and minimizing emissions. Dematerializing activities. Reducing and e laminating the dependence on non renewable sources of energy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we consider in this four elements to restructure of our industrial system then we can see the industrial ecology. Results:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have already described and discussed our topics elaborately in the body assignment. We also have described the definition of industrial ecology but it is very difficult to find the definition of industrial ecology. Conclusion:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In end of this assignment, my assumption is that the industrial system is not the same of the industrial ecology. References: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology_(disciplines) Industrial ecology(webside) www.indigodev.com/IE.html Industrial Ecology(text book) Graedel and Allenby (2003) Industrial Ecology Erkman and Ramaswamy (2003)